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Gwynnes Limited was a City of London England engineering business, iron founders and pump makers founded in 1849 to capitalise on the centrifugal pump invented〔The first practical centrifugal pump called the Massachusetts pump was built in the United States in 1818. In 1830 a pump having a fairly good efficiency was built by McCarty at the dock yards of New York. About 1846 centrifugal pumps began to be manufactured in England by Appold Thompson and Gwynne. Appold improved the pump by the addition of curved vanes in 1849. (page 10, R L Daugherty (prof. Hydraulics, Cornell U.) '’Centrifugal Pumps'’, McGraw-Hill, New York 1915) John Gwynne bought Andrews USA 1846 patent and introduced it to England. Lloyd took out a fan patent in 1848 and J G Appold began the manufacture of almost the same fan. John Gwynne did not trouble to patent various improvements but applied for a new patent in 1850 though the patent agent made a mistake and the patent is dated 1851. In 1854 J E A Gwynne obtained a patent for an improved form of Gwynne pump In 1868 J and H Gwynne secured a patent for an improved centrifugal pump P R Bjorling, '’Pumps, Historically, Theoretically and Practically Considered'’, Spon, London 1895 〕 by James Gwynne (1804–1850).〔 :James Gwynne (1804–1850) All his children were born in Bushmills, co. Antrim. His eldest son— :James Eglinton Anderson Gwynne (1833–1915) who was only 17 when his father died, became the largest landowner in East Sussex and James's second son— Nevile Gwynne (1869–1951) was managing director in 1920. :Notable descendants include: :Elizabeth David :Violet Gordon-Woodhouse :Rupert Gwynne :Roland Gwynne 〕 In 1856 his eldest son, J E A Gwynne, of Essex Street Wharves on the south side of The Strand was awarded a patent for the manufacture of carbon or charcoal powder.〔Newton & Son, ''Newton's London Journal and repertory of patent inventions'', Kent & Co, London 1862〕 Their Strand site became part of the Victoria Embankment built between 1865 and 1867 and Gwynne profited from judicious investment in the reclaimed land.〔Artemis Cooper. ''Writing at the Kitchen Table: The Authorized Biography of Elizabeth David'', Faber & Faber, London 2011 ISBN 978-0-571-27977-7〕 Their Crisp Road, Hammersmith Ironworks and works at Church Wharf, Chiswick, London, were established in 1867 to specialise in the manufacture of these centrifugal pumps and pumping engines〔 This machinery was for use in practically all purposes where large or small quantities of liquid were required to be lifted and dealt with for low or high heads.〔 A limited liability company was formed in May 1897 to own the business.〔The Affairs of Gwynnes, Limited. ''The Times, Saturday, 27 November 1926; pg. 4; Issue 44440〕 They made cars between 1920 and 1929. Following their 1919 agreement to purchase the Albert car business, Adam Grimaldi & Co Limited, a new holding company was formed and named Gwynnes Engineering Company Limited.〔 Their share issue did not attract the expected support from investors and hampered by lack of capital the car venture failed. After the company was dissolved in 1927 the pump-making business continued under the ownership of Gwynnes Pumps Limited which belonged to Fosters of Lincoln. Subsequent ownership was: W H Allen Sons & Company, Vickers then Amalgamated Power Engineering of Bedford before Gwynnes' separate identity disappeared in the 1970s. ==Invincible pumps== Gwynnes was founded in 1849 to make their ''Invincible'' centrifugal pumps in sizes from small to as large as, for example, the three pumps for the large graving dock of the Bombay Port Trust which together moved 8,500,000 gallons of water per hour.〔Industrial Notes. ''The Times'', Wednesday, 16 October 1907; pg. 4; Issue 38465〕 In 1910 they were reported to employ about 400 men in the Hammersmith works when new Battleships and Cruiser battleships were fitted with their hydraulic ejectors and bilge, sanitary, fresh water, fire and other pumps. Their pump engines were used for salvage work and dredging among many other purposes.〔Naval Construction in the United Kingdom And Germany.''The Times'', Wednesday, 2 March 1910; pg. 15; Issue 39209〕 They also provided supplementary equipment such as their eight-horsepower fire engine. The Gwynnes Eight vehicle range included a light fire engine equipped with Gwynnes' own pumps. Two examples are preserved. One was built in 1922 for the Marconi Company's factory fire brigade and is now at Coventry Museum of Transport. The other was stationed at East Raynham in Norfolk and is now at Holkham Hall.〔Baldwin, Nick (1994). ''A-Z of Cars of the 1920''s. Bay View Books. p. not cited. ISBN 1-870979-53-2.〕〔Good, Ken (2002). ''The House of Gwynne Cars, Pumps and Aeroengines 1849–1968''. Bookmarque Publishing. ISBN 1-870519-67-1.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gwynnes Limited」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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